S. James Gates Jr. found that when he and his collaborators studied certain supersymmetry equations using diagrams called Adinkras, the mathematics naturally organized itself in terms of specific binary error‑correcting codes, similar to those used in digital communications and computers. He noted that these are “doubly‑even self‑dual” codes, a highly structured class of codes known from information theory, and that they appear to be built into the algebraic structure of these physical theories. Gates has described this as uncovering code‑like patterns embedded in the equations that describe fundamental particles, and he has suggested that this raises deep philosophical questions about whether reality might, at some level, have properties analogous to a computational or information‑based system.